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<div class="daohang" id="daohang"><strong>位置:</strong><a href='http://3g.ChineBooks.com/'></a> > <a href='https://ChineseBooks.github.io/'>古代文学</a> > <a href='https://ChineseBooks.github.io/daojiaoshuji/'>道教书籍</a> > <a href='https://ChineseBooks.github.io/daojiaoshuji/mizong/'>道家、密宗与东方神秘学</a> > </div>
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  <h1 class="h11">3.08 谢译《印度瑜伽健身求》序</h1>
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</span><span class="toup1"><a href='https://ChineseBooks.github.io/daojiaoshuji/mizong/234671.html' class='pagedaohang'>【下一篇】<i>：3.07 影印密宗法本前叙</i></a></span>
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<div class="articleContent" id="articleContent"> <p>瑜伽者，原为古印度学术思想之一派。与婆罗门、数论等学齐名并驱，当释迦牟尼开创佛教之时，固并存而未稍戢也。梵语瑜伽，译义谓观行、相应，或亦译为禅思。数论学派的学说，大抵为二元之实在论，倾向于无神之说。而瑜伽则以神我、梵我为主，作清净之观行修持，以求解脱欲世之累，升华而达于梵净之域。故原本《瑜伽经》之内义，依四品立说，一曰《三昧品》，述说禅定境界之本质。二曰《方法品》，说明入定境界修持之方法。三曰《神通品》，演叙神通之原理及种类。四日《独存品》，阐述其终极目的，而入于神我之境。此派学术思想，大体承受数论学说，析自性为二十四谛，神我为二十五谛，更建立神为第二十六谛，即佛经所称之自在天神，为色界主者。其学说思想，既形成一大宗派，自必有言之成理，理足为文之一家之言。</p><p>该派实验修持方法，大体建立八支行法，为达神通境界而至于解脱之次第。所谓八支行法之原则，即禁制、劝制、坐法、调息、制感、执行、静虑等持也云云。依此修持之极，即变八微为八自在。所谓八微者，即地、水、火、风、空、意、明、无明也。八自在者即能小、能大、轻举、远到、随所欲、分身、尊胜、隐没也。本此学说与方法之演变，枝蔓分衍，乃有各种瑜伽之术互相授受，其中以军荼利瑜伽术播扬尤广。</p><p>此种学说方术，迨释迦牟尼兴起，整理印度从古以来全部文化，融通诸家异同之说，删芜刈蔓，归之真如，无复往昔之盛。盖佛学中唯识法相之学兴，糅集整理瑜伽等各派之理，熔铸陶冶，趣之正智。禅观密行之学兴，撷取瑜伽等各派之观行方术，含英咀华，流归法性。论藏中如无著大师所述之《瑜伽师地论》，穷源探本，理极其精。东密藏密，术极其能。如日照萤光，果然灭色。但吾国自宋元以还，印度本土，已无佛学。他山之石，早已移植于此土。故彼邦历近千年而迄于今，由婆罗门、瑜伽派之余绪，郁然复萌，渐渐形成印度教之建立，而与伊斯兰教等并存而不相悖也。</p><p>大抵人生宇宙之学术，富于神秘色彩者，莫过于东方古老国家之文物，中国、印度，尤为彰明较著者也。近世以来，欧美人士探求东方之奥秘，如雨后春笋，争相挖掘。彼等震惊于瑜伽术之神奇，竞相传译其学。流风所及，近年国人竞相访习，不乏其人。因之以讹传讹，欺世自误者，亦在所不免。如以该派之术而论，其特异效验之处，确有速成之功，较之吾国方技气功丹经家言，实有超胜之处。甚至，其精细透辟，尤有优越于彼者在也。至于佛家禅定观行，博大精微，与瑜伽术等相较，更不可相提并论。唯国人数典忘祖，目迷外视，不能内省自疚，起而整理之，研究而实验之，致使悲叹迷方，不知所归。身怀异宝而行乞四方，易胜浩叹。</p><p>吾友谢君元甫，研究博物，毕生从事教学，历任台湾各大学教授有年。近复有志国故，涉猎道家方技之学，药物之方，因此而于瑜伽术亦发生兴趣。数年前，嘱为代购《印度瑜伽健身术》一书，赓即亲自翻译以成。冒暑涉寒，心不退转，其意为学术兴趣而研究，固不计其他也。书成以后，将由真善美出版社宋君今人为付铅椠，复速缀数言为介。义不容辞，姑妄言之如是。其译文注重质朴，以征信为尚，匆匆不事藻饰，其亦留待后之有心人为之耳。</p><p>1964年于台北</p> </div>
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